ECCLESIASTICAL HIERAKCHIES. 755 



the adoption of discipline, and even doctrine. The church government 

 and the Christian people were not as yet separated.&quot; 



In which last facts, while we see the gradual establishment 

 of an ecclesiastical structure, we also see how, in the Church 

 as in the State, there went on the separation of the small 

 ruling part from the greater part ruled, and a gradual loss of 

 power by the latter. 



In the ecclesiastical body as in the political body, several 

 causes, acting separately or jointly, work out the establish 

 ment of graduated authorities. Even in a clusf er of small 

 societies held together by kinship only, there tend, where 

 priests exist, to arise differences among theii amounts of 

 influence : resulting in some subordination when they have 

 to co-operate. Thus we read of the priests among the 

 Bodo and Dhimals, that &quot;over a small rircle of villages one 

 Dhami presides and possesses a vaguely deiined but univer 

 sally recognised control over the Deoshis of his district.&quot; 

 Still more when small societies have bef u consolidated into a 

 larger one by war, is the political supremacy of the conquer 

 ing chief usually accompanied by ecclesiastical supremacy of 

 the head priest of the conquering society. The tendency to 

 this is shown even where the respective cults of the united 

 societies remain intact. Thus it appears that &quot;the high- 

 priests of Mexico were the heads of their religion only 

 among the Mexicans, and not with respect to the other 

 conquered nations ; &quot; but we also read that the priesthood of 

 Huitzilopochtli was that of the ruling tribe, and had, accord 

 ingly, great political influence. The Mexicatlteohuatzin had 

 authority over other priesthoods than his own. Still more in 

 ancient Peru, where the subjugation of the united peoples by 

 the conquering people was absolute, a graduated priesthood 

 of the conqueror s religion was supreme over the priesthoods 

 of the religions professed by the conquered. After an account 

 of the priesthood of the San in Cuzco, we read that 



&quot; In the other provinces, where there were temples of the Sun, which 

 were numerous, the natives were the priests, being relations of the 

 107. 



