782 ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



questions. In San Salvador, too, the high-priest and his 

 subordinates, after seeking supernatural knowledge, &quot; called 

 together the cazique and war chief, and advised them of 

 the approach of their enemies, and whether they should 

 go to meet them.&quot; And the like happened among the 

 Hebrews. I Kings, xxii, tells us of consultations with the 

 prophets concerning the propriety of a war, and especially 

 with one of them : 



&quot; So he [Micaiah] came to the king. And the king said unto him, 

 Micaiah, shall we go against Eamoth-gilead to battle, or shall we 

 forbear ? And he answered him, Go, and prosper : for the Lord shall 

 deliver it into the hand of the king.&quot; 



631. Anyone simple enough to suppose that men s 

 professed creeds determine their courses of conduct, might 

 infer that nations which adopted Christianity, if not deterred 

 from war by their nominally-accepted beliefs, would at least 

 limit the functions of their priests to those of a religious 

 kind, or at any rate, a non-militant kind. He would be 

 quite wrong however. 



The fact is familiar that Christian Europe throughout 

 many centuries, saw priests taking as active parts in war 

 as do priests among some extant savages. In the seventh 

 century in France, bishops went to battle ; and &quot; by the 

 middle of the eighth century regular military service on the 

 part of the clergy was already fully developed : &quot; &quot; under 

 Charles Mart el it was common to see bishops and clerks 

 bearing arms.&quot; Says Guizot concerning the state of the 

 church at this period, the bishops &quot; took part in the national 

 warfare ; nay more, they undertook, from time to time, 

 expeditions of violence and rapine against their neighbours 

 on their own account.&quot; And in subsequent centuries 

 Germany and France alike witnessed the union of military 

 leadership with ecclesiastical leadership. In Germany the 

 spiritual head &quot;was now a feudal baron; he was the ac 

 knowledged leader of the military forces in his dioceses.&quot; 

 Writing of events in France, Orderic describes the Driesta 



