CHAPTER XIL 



CHURCH AND STATK. 



638. IN various ways it has been shown that originally 

 Church and State are undistinguished. I do not refer only 

 to the fact that in China and Japan the conceptions of this 

 world and the other world have been so mingled that both 

 worlds have had a living ruler in common. Nor am 1 re 

 calling only the truth that the primitive ruler, vicegerent of 

 his deceased ancestor, whom, as priest, he propitiates not only 

 by sacrifices but by carrying out his dictates, thus becomes 

 one in whose person are united government by the dead and 

 government by the living. But I have in view the further 

 fact that where the normal order has not been broken, the 

 organizations for sacred rule and for secular rule remain 

 practically blended, because the last remains in large 

 measure the instrument of the first. Under a simple form 

 this relation is well shown us in Mangaia, where 



&quot; Kings were. . . the mouth-pieces, or priests, of Bongo. As Kongo 

 was the tutelar divinity and the source of all authority, they were in 

 vested with tremendous power the temporal lord having to obey, like 

 the multitude, through fear of Bongo s anger.&quot; 



And this theocratic type of government has been fully de 

 veloped in various places. Much more pronounced than 

 among the Hebrews was it among some of the Egyptians. 



&quot; The influence of the priests at Meroe, through the belief that they 

 spoke the commands of the Deity, is more fully shown by Strabo and 

 Diodorus, who say it was their custom to send to the king, when it 



