CHURCH AND STATE. 795 



less ancient, but is found also in societies characterized by 

 cults which are not indigenous, and that it continues as long 

 as religious beliefs are accepted without criticism, we are 

 shown by the history of mediaeval Europe. 



But in this case as in all cases, various causes subse 

 quently conspire to produce differentiation and increasing 

 separation. Co-operating efficiently though they at first do 

 as having interests in large measure the same, yet the 

 agencies for carrying on celestial rule and terrestrial rule 

 eventually begin to compete for supremacy ; and the com 

 petition joins with the growing unlikeriesses of functions and 

 structures in making the two organizations distinct. 



639. That we may understand the struggle for supre 

 macy which eventually arises, and tends to mark off more 

 and more the ecclesiastical structure from the political 

 structure, we must glance at the sources of sacerdotal power. 



First comes the claim of the priest, as representing the 

 deity, to give a sanction to the authority of the civil ruler. 

 At the present time among some of the uncivilized, as the 

 Zulus, we find this claim recognized. 



&quot; As to the custom of a chief of a primitive stock of kings among 

 black men, he calls to him celebrated diviners to place him in the chief 

 tainship, that he may be really a chief.&quot; 



In ancient Egypt the king, wholly in the hands of -ecclesi 

 astics, could be crowned only after having been made one 

 of their body. Then among the Hebrews we have the 

 familiar case of Saul who was anointed by Samuel in God s 

 name. Passing without further cases to the acquired power 

 of the popes, which became such that kings, receiving their 

 crowns from them, swore obedience ; we are shown that the 

 consecration of rulers, continuing in form down to our own 

 day, was, when a reality, an element of priestly power. 



Next may be named the supposed influence of the priest 

 with supernatural beings. Wherever faith is unqualified, 

 dread of the evils which his invocations may bring, or trust 



