798 ECCLESIASTICAL INSTITUTIONS. 



obligations, for religious objects prevailed among the Romans in a 

 manner similar to its prevalence in Ho man Catholic countries at tl.e 

 present day.&quot; 



And the analogy thus drawn introduces the familiar case of 

 Europe during the middle ages ; in which, besides offerings, 

 tithes, etc., the Church had at one time acquired a third of 

 the landed property. 



G40. Holding in its hands powers, natural and super 

 natural, thus great and varied, an ecclesiastical organization 

 seems likely to be irresistible, and in sundry places and times 

 has proved irresistible. Where the original blending of 

 Church with State has given place to that vague distinction 

 inevitably resulting from partial specialization of functions 

 accompanying social evolution, there are certain to arise 

 differences of aim between the two ; and a consequent question 

 whether the living ruler, with his organization of civil and 

 military subordinates, shall or shall not yield to the organi 

 zation of those who represent dead rulers and profess to 

 utter their commands. And if, throughout the society, faith 

 is unqualified and terror of the supernatural extreme, the 

 temporal power becomes subject to the spiritual power. 



We may trace back this struggle to early stages. Respect 

 ing weather-doctors among the Zulus, and the popular valua 

 tion of them as compared with chiefs, we read : 



&quot; The hail then has its doctors in all places ; and though there is a 

 chief in a certain nation, the people do not say, We have corn to 

 eat through the power of the chief ; but they say, We have corn to 

 eat through the son of So-and-so ; for when the sky rolls cloud upon 

 cloud, and we do not know that it will go back to another place, he can 

 work diligently and do all that is necessary, and we have no more any 

 fear. 5 &quot; 



To which it should be added that the chief among the Zulus, 

 habitually jealous of the medicine-man, in some cases puts 

 him to death. In another form, an example of the conflict 

 comes to us from Samoa. At a council of war which the 

 Samoans held to concert measures of vengeance on the Ton- 



