200 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



developed into the study of life at large. And it is interest 

 ing to see how this specialization, seemingly irrelevant to 

 medical practice, eventally becomes relevant; since the 

 knowledge of animal life obtained presently extends the 

 knowledge of human life, and so increases medical skill. 

 The other fact is that along with incorporation of author 

 ized medical men, there has arisen jealousy of the unincor 

 porated. Like the religious priesthood, the priesthood of 

 medicine persecutes heretics and those who are without 

 diplomas. There has long been, and still continues, de 

 nunciation of unlicensed practitioners, as also of the &quot; coun 

 ter-practice &quot; carried on by apothecaries. That is to say, 

 there is a constant tendency to a more definite marking off 

 of the integrated professional body. 



