200 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



administering the sacraments, and dancing, the latter being 

 indulged in during religious processions.&quot; That the dancing 

 is in this case imported into the quasi-Christian religion by 

 adoption from some previous religion (a like adoption being 

 common with Roman Catholic missionaries) is a conclusion 

 supported by an instance from a remote region. Describing 

 the usages of the Pueblos, Lummis says : 



&quot;The cachinas or sacred dances which were in vogue before 

 Columbus, still survive ; but now they are applied to the festivals of 

 the church, and are presumed to be as grateful to Tata Dios as to the 

 Sun-Father and the Hero-Twins.&quot; 



But the way in which singing and dancing before the 

 visible ruler differentiate into singing and dancing before 

 the ruler no longer visible, is best seen in the early records 

 of civilized races. To the above illustrations furnished by 

 Hebrew history may be added various others. Thus 

 I Samuel x, 5, tells of &quot; a company of prophets coming down 

 from the high place with a psaltery, and a tabret, and a pipe, 

 and a harp, before them; &quot; and, according to some trans 

 lators, dancing and singing. Again in I Chronicles ix, 33, 

 we read of certain Levites that &quot; these are the singers, chief 

 of the fathers of the Levites.&quot; And m Psalm cxlix, there is 

 the exhortation: &quot; Let them praise his name in the dance: 

 let them sing praises unto him with the timbrel and harp: &quot; 

 worship which was joined with the execution of &quot; vengeance 

 upon the heathen.&quot; 



This association of dancing and singing as forms of wor 

 ship, and by implication their more special association with 

 the priesthood, is not so conspicuous in the accounts of 

 Egypt ; probably because the earlier stages of Egyptian civ 

 ilization are unrecorded. According to Herodotus, how 

 ever, in the processions during the festival of Bacchus, the 

 piper went first and was followed by choristers who sang 

 hymns in honour of that deity. Naming also cymbals and 

 flutes and harps as used in religious ceremonies, Wilkinson 

 says that &quot; the sacred musicians were of the order of priests, 



