210 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



invective in the senate against schools of music and dancing, at one 

 of which he had even seen the son of a Roman magistrate ! &quot; . 



But in the days of the Caesars musical culture had become 

 part of a liberal education, and we have in illustration the 

 familiar remembrance of Nero as a violinist. At the same 

 time &quot; trained choirs of slaves were employed to sing and 

 play to the guests at dinner, or for the delectation of their 

 master alone.&quot; 



673. On tracing further the evolution of these origi 

 nally twin professions, we come upon the fact that while, after 

 their separation, the one became almost wholly secularized, 

 the other long continued its ecclesiastical connexions and 

 differentiated into its secular forms at a later date. Why 

 dancing ceased to be a part of religious worship, while music 

 did not, we may readily see. In the first place dancing, 

 being inarticulate, is not capable of expressing those various 

 ideas and feelings which music, joining with words, is able 

 to do. As originally used it was expressive of joy, alike in 

 presence of the living hero and in the supposed presence of 

 his spirit. In the nature of things it implies that overplus 

 of energy which goes along with elated feeling, and does not 

 serve to express the awe, the submission, the penitence, 

 which form large parts of religious worship in advanced 

 times. 



Naturally then, dancing, though it did not in the middle 

 ages wholly disappear from religious worship, practically 

 fell into disuse. One part only of the original observance 

 survived the procession. Alike in the triumphal recep 

 tion of a returning conqueror and in the celebration of a 

 god s achievements, the saltatory actions were the joyous 

 accompaniments in a moving stream of people. But while 

 the saltatory actions have ceased the moving stream has 

 continued. Moreover there have survived, even down to 

 our own day, its two original forms. We have religious 

 processions, now along the aisles of cathedrals and now 



