DANCER AND MUSICIAN. 211 



through the streets; and besides other secular processions 

 more or less triumphal, we have those in which either the 

 ruler or the representative of the ruler is escorted into the 

 city he is approaching by troops of officials and by the popu 

 lace: the going out to meet the judges, who are the king s 

 deputies, shows us that the old form, minus the dance, is 

 still extant. 



A further fact is to be noted. While dancing has be 

 come secularized it has in part assumed a professional char 

 acter. Though, even in the earliest stages, it had other 

 forms and purposes than those above described (as shown 

 in the mimetic representations of success in the chase, and 

 in primitive amatory dances), and though from these, secu 

 lar dancing has been in part derived ; yet if we bear in mind 

 the transition from the dancing in triumphal processions 

 before the king, to dancing before him as a court-observ 

 ance by trained dancers, and from that to dancing on the 

 stage, we may infer that even the forms of secular dancing 

 now familiar are not without a trace of that origin we have 

 been following out. 



674. Returning from this parenthesis and passing from 

 the evidence furnished by ancient civilizations to that fur 

 nished by the pagan and semi-civilized peoples of Europe, 

 we may first note the statement of Strabo concerning the 

 Gauls. 



&quot; There are generally three divisions of men especially reverenced, the 

 Bards, the Vates, and the Druids. The Bards composed and chanted 

 hymns; the Vates occupied themselves with the sacrifices and the 

 study of nature ; while the Druids joined to the study of nature that 

 of moral philosophy.&quot; 



And the assertion is that these bards recited the exploits of 

 their chiefs to the accompaniment of the harp. The sur 

 vival of pagan observances into Christian times probably 

 gave origin to the class distinguished among the Scandi 

 navians as &quot; skalds &quot; and among the Anglo-Saxons as harp 

 ers and gleemen. Thus we read : 



