ORATOR AND POET, ACTOR AND DRAMATIST. 233 



due to them for the performance of their pieces, and are 

 to that extent combined. And then we have a special news 

 paper, The Era, which forms a medium for communication, 

 by advertisements, between all kinds of stage-performers 

 and those who wish to engage them, as w r ell as an organ for 

 representing the interests of the stage and the semi-dramatic 

 music-hall. 



[After the above chapter was written my attention was 

 drawn to a passage in the late Prof. Henry Morley s work, 

 A First Sketch of English Literature (p. 209), which in 

 short space yields verification for several of the leading- 

 propositions contained in it and in the preceding chapter. 

 &quot; Our English ballads are akin to those which also among the Scan 

 dinavians became a familiar social amusement of the people. They 

 were recited by one of a company with animation and with varying ex 

 pression, while the rest kept time, often with joined hands forming a 

 circle, advancing, retiring, balancing, sometimes remaining still, and, 

 by various movements and gestures, followed changes of emotion in the 

 story. Not only in Spain did the people keep time by dance move 

 ment to the measure of the ballad, for even to this day one may see, 

 in the Faroe Islands, how winter evenings of the North were cheered 

 with ballad recitations, during which, according to the old northern 

 fashion, gestures and movements of the listeners expressed emotions 

 of the story as the people danced to their old ballads and songs.&quot; 



Here, then, as in the Hebrew triumphal reception of the 

 living hero, and the Greek worship of the apotheosized hero, 

 we see a union of music and the dance, and with them a 

 union of rhythmical speech with some dramatic representa 

 tion of the incidents described, and of the emotions caused 

 by the description. We see that everywhere there has 

 tended to bud out afresh the combined manifestations of 

 exalted feeling from which these various arts originate. 

 Another fact is forced upon our attention. We are shown 

 that in all cases, while there arises some one of a group who 

 becomes singer or reciter, the rest assume the character of 

 chorus. This segregation, which characterized the religious 



