252 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



or was independently originated, we equally see, in the first 

 place, that this concrete half of mathematics germinated 

 from the practical needs for measuring out the Earth s sur 

 face, and we see, in the second place, that since temples 

 (which served also as king s palaces) were in early times 

 the sole permanent and finished buildings (the rest being 

 of wood or of sun-dried clay) it is inferable that this great 

 division of science, first employed in the orientation and 

 laying out of them, took its earliest steps in the service of 

 religion. Returning now from this parenthesis to the sub 

 ject of Greek science, we find that development of it can be 

 but in very small measure ascribed to the priesthood. From 

 Curtius we learn that &quot; the localities of the oracles became 

 places where knowledge of various kinds was collected, such 

 as could not be met with elsewhere,&quot; and that &quot; the Greek 

 calendar fell under the superintendence of Delphi,&quot; and 

 also that &quot; the art of road-making and of building bridges 

 . . . took its first origin from the national sanctuaries, espe 

 cially from those of Apollo : &quot; some culture of science being 

 thus implied. But, practically, the scientific advances made 

 by the Greeks were not of sacred but of secular origin. So, 

 too, was it with their philosophy. Though Mahaffy thinks 

 &quot; we have no reason to doubt the fact that philosophers were 

 called in professionally to minister in cases of grief,&quot; and 

 though in ministering they assumed a function character 

 istic of priests, yet we cannot assume that they acted in a 

 religious capacity. Evidently in the main their speculations 

 took their departure not from theological dogmas but from 

 the facts which scientific observation had elsewhere estab 

 lished. Before there was time for an indigenous develop 

 ment of science and philosophy out of priestly culture, thero 

 was an intrusion of that science and philosophy which priest 

 ly culture had developed elsewhere. 



The normal course of evolution having been in Rome, 

 still more than in Greece, interrupted by intruding elements, 

 an unbroken genealogy of science and philosophy is still 



