JUDGE AND LAWYER. 267 



skill in doing this would be employed by others, and event 

 ually a present to him would become a fee. It was thus 

 among the Romans. After knowledge of the Twelve Tables 

 had been diffused, and after the secrets of legal procedure 

 had been disclosed by a secretary of Appius Claudius, there 

 grew up a class of men, thejurisconsulti, learned in the law, 

 who gave their advice; and also, later, advocates distin 

 guished by their oratorical powers, who, as among ourselves, 

 were furnished with materials and suggestions by lawyers 

 of lower grade. 



696. The superposing of civilizations and of religions 

 throughout Northern Europe after Roman days, compli 

 cated the relations between religion and law, and between 

 those who administered them. Nevertheless, the evidence 

 everywhere points to the conclusion we have already 

 reached. 



Beginning with heathen times there may be put first the 

 facts which Sir George Dasent gives us respecting the an 

 cient ISTorse. He writes : 



The priest &quot; was the only civil, just as he was the only religious 

 authority minister and magistrate in one.&quot; 



&quot; In trials ... it fell on him [the priest] to name the judges, and 

 to superintend the proceedings.&quot; 



But it seems that even in those rude days there had come 

 into existence non-clerical advocates. 



&quot;There were the lawmen or lawyers (logmenn), a class which we 

 shall find still nourishing in the time of which our Saga tells. They 

 were private persons, invested with no official character.&quot; &quot;They 

 seem to have been simply law-skilled men, counsel, to whom men 

 in need of advice betook themselves.&quot; 



In harmony with these statements are those made by an 

 authority respecting Old-English institutions, Mr. Gomme. 

 He says 



&quot; We learn from the historians of Saxony that the Frey Feldgericht 

 of Corbey was, in pagan times, under the supremacy of the priests of 

 the Eresburgh.&quot; 



