270 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



&quot;les eccl&siastiques ne pouvait, en principe, accepter ces fonctions 

 que pour representer les pauvres, les 6glises, ou dans les causes 

 spirituelles.&quot; 



So, too, was it with the function of advocate. Saiiite Palaye 

 writes 



&quot; Loisel . . . remarks that in the time of Philip [the Fair] and since, 

 the best of them were ecclesiastical persons instructed in the Canon 

 and Civil Law, learning practice chiefly by the decretals. &quot; 

 However according to Founder, this function was limited to 

 certain cases 



&quot;le pretre ne peut exercer les fonctions d avocat si ce n est au profit 

 de son glise et des pauvres, et sans recevoir de salaire.&quot; 

 But in England, when ecclesiastics had been forbidden by 

 the pope to make their appearance in secular courts, it ap 

 pears that they evaded the prohibition by disguising them 

 selves. 



Sir H. Spelman conjectures (Glossar. 335), that coifs were intro 

 duced to hide the tonsure of such renegade clerks, as were still 

 tempted to remain in the secular courts in the quality of advocates or 

 judges, notwithstanding their prohibition by canon.&quot; 



From which it would seem that the &quot; renegade clerks &quot; be 

 came barristers who personally received the profits of their 

 advocacy. 



697. By what steps the complete secularization of the 

 legal class was effected in England, it does not here concern 

 us to ascertain. It suffices to observe the state of things now 

 arrived at. 



So long have our judges ceased to display any clerical 

 attributes, that now, to the ordinary citizen, the statement 

 that they were once priests is surprising. If there remains 

 any trace of the original condition of things, it is only in. 

 such a fact as that the Archbishop of Canterbury retains 

 the power of conferring the degree of Doctor of Civil Law ; 

 which degree, however, is one covering only a restricted 

 sphere of practice. But while, save perhaps in observance 

 of certain ceremonies and seasons, separation of judicial 



