280 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



of slaves, freedmen, or foreigners, or in other words chiefly in the 

 hands of Greeks or half-Greeks. &quot; 



This condition of things will be comprehended when we 

 remember firstly that the normal genesis of teachers from 

 priests is due to the fact that in early stages priests are dis 

 tinguished by their superior knowledge; secondly that the 

 priests in Rome were not thus distinguished, since the sub 

 jugated Greeks were more learned than they; and thirdly 

 that all attributes of conquered men are liable to fall into 

 contempt. 



T03. On passing northwards to the peoples of pre- 

 Christian days and to those of early Christian days, we arc 

 again shown the primitive identity of priest and teacher and 

 the eventual separation of the two. Elsewhere saying of the 

 Celts that their training, wholly military, aimed to produce 

 endurance, agility, and other bodily capacities, Pelloutier 

 writes: 



&quot;Pour entretcnir les peuples dans la d6pendance, et pour 6tre 

 toujours consultes comme des Oracles, les Ecclesiastiques vouloient 

 etre les seuls scavans ; de 1 autre, les Celtes, qui regardoient tout 

 travail, tant du corps que de 1 esprit (Procop. Gotth. L. I. cap. 2, p. 311), 

 comme une chose servile, abandonnoient de bon cceur toutes les 

 Sciences a leurs Druides ; ils les consideroient non-seulement comme des 

 scavans, mais encore comme de ve&quot;ritables Magiciens. Les etudes des 

 Nations Celtiques se reduisoient uniquement a apprendre par coeur 

 certains Hymnes qui renfcrmoient leurs Loix, leur &quot;Religion, leur 

 Histoire, et en gen6ral tout ce qu on vouloit bien que le peuple SQut.&quot; 



And congruous with this is the statement of Caesar concern 

 ing the Druids: &quot; A great number of youths come together 

 to them to receive training.&quot; &quot; They discuss much . . . 

 concerning the attributes and powers of the immortal godn, 

 and impart their tenets to the young. 7 



Almost extinguished during early centuries of our era, 

 such culture as survived was to be found only in ecclesiasti 

 cal institutions, and out of them grew up afresh. As Hallam, 

 says: 



