284: PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



certain extent clerical teachers. Xor is this all. Clerics 

 have striven, and are still striving, to make the public help 

 them to teach Church dogmas in Church Schools. At the 

 present time (June, 1895), the Archbishop and Clergy at 

 large are fathering an Act which shall give them State-funds 

 without State-control. With an arrogance common to 

 Priesthoods in all times and places, no matter what the creed, 

 they say to the State &quot; We will say what shall be taught 

 and you shall pay for it.&quot; 



T05. ~No more here than elsewhere do we meet with an 

 exception to the segregation and consolidation which accom 

 pany differentiation; though, partly because of the more 

 recent separation of the teaching class from the clerical class, 

 this change has not been so conspicuous. 



The tendency towards integration of the teaching class, 

 and marking off of them from other classes, was first shown 

 among theological teachers. At the University of Paris 

 * * half -learned persons, who had scarcely any knowledge of the ele 

 ments of theology, took upon themselves the office of public teachers. 

 The consequence was, that the theological teachers of better reputation 

 united themselves, and formed a regular society ; and they had suffi 

 cient influence to establish the rule, that no one should be allowed to 

 teach without their approbation and permission. This of course led 

 to an examination of the candidates, and to a public trial of their 

 ability, and to a formal ceremony for their admission to the dignity 

 of teachers or doctors.&quot; 



In our own universities the like has happened. Knowledge, 

 first of established Christian doctrine, and then of other 

 things held proper for teachers of Christian doctrine to 

 know, and then examinations testing acquisition of such 

 kinds of knowledge, have served to create a mass of those 

 qualified, and to exclude those not qualified: so forming a 

 coherent and limited aggregate. Though dissenting sects 

 have insisted less on qualifications, yet among them, too, 

 have arisen institutions facilitating the needful culture and 

 giving the needful clerical authorizations. 



