ARCHITECT. 289 



And since &quot; when it [architecture] is carried so far as it was 

 in Chalda3a it demands a certain amount of science/ the 

 priests, who alone possessed this science, must have been 

 the architects. 



Sufficient proofs of the alleged relation among the Egyp 

 tians are supplied by their ancient records. Rawlinson 

 says: 



Although their early architecture is almost entirely of a sepulchral 

 character, yet we have a certain amount of evidence that, even from 

 the first, the TEMPLE had a place in the regards of the Egyptians, 

 though a place very much inferior to that occupied by the Tomb.&quot; 

 Summing up the general evidence Duncker writes : 



In the achievement won by Egyptian art the priests took a 

 leading part. The buildings of the temples and the tombs of the 

 kings could only be erected after their designs ; for in these essentially 

 sacred things, sacred measures and numbers, w r ere concerned.&quot; 

 Some special illustrative facts may be added. Of Mentu- 

 hotep it is recorded that 



As chief architect of the king he promoted the worship of the 

 gods, and instructed the inhabitants of the country according to the 

 best of his knowledge, as God orders to be done. &quot; 



Here are passages relating to the 19th and 21st dynasties 

 respectively. Bekenkhonsu, on his statue is made to say : 

 &quot; I was a great architect in the town of Amon. I was a holy fa 

 ther of Amon for twelve years. The skilled in art, and the first 

 prophet in Amoii. &quot; 



And Hirhor, first of a succession of priest-kings, calls 

 himself, when represented by the side of the king: &quot; Chief 

 architect of the king, chief general of the army.&quot; And that 

 the priest, if he did not always design, always directed, may 

 be safely inferred; for as Rawlinson says, &quot; it is ... tol 

 erably certain that there existed in ancient Egypt a religious 

 censorship of Art.&quot; 



Of evidence furnished by Greek literature, the first comes 

 to us from the Iliad. The priest Chryses, crying for venge 

 ance, and invoking Apollo s aid, says : 



&quot; O Smintheus! If ever I built a temple gracious in thine eyes, or 



