SCULPTOR. 295 



the original and the like qualities supposed to accompany a 

 likeness of the original, long survived. Its survival was 

 shown among the Egyptians by their seemingly strange 

 practice of placing, in a compartment of the tomb, a wooden 

 figure (or more than one) intended as an alternative body 

 for the spirit of the departed on his return, in case his mum 

 mied body should have been destroyed. Still more strange 

 is the fact referred to in the sections named above, that 

 among ourselves and other Europeans but a few centuries 

 ago, the effigies of kings and princes, gorgeously apparelled, 

 were duly presented with meals for some time after death : 

 such effigies being, some of them, still preserved in West 

 minster Abbey. Merely recognizing this long persistence 

 of the primitive idea, it here concerns us only to note that 

 the making of a carved or modelled figure of a dead man, 

 begins in low stages of culture, along with other elements 

 of primitive religion ; and that thus sculpture has its root in 

 ghost-worship, while the sculptor, in his primitive form, 

 is one of the agents of this worship. 



The tomb and the temple are, as is shown in 137, de 

 veloped out of the shelter for the grave rude and transi 

 tory at first, but eventually becoming refined and perma 

 nent; while the statue, which is the nucleus of the temple, 

 is an elaborated and finished form of the original effigy 

 placed on the grave. The implication is that, as with the 

 temple so with the statue, the priest, when not himself the 

 executant, as he is among savages, remains always the di 

 rector of the executant the man whose injunctions the 

 sculptor carrie s out. 



711. Of evidence to be set down in support of this 

 general proposition we may begin with that, relatively small 

 in amount, which is furnished by existing uncivilized races. 



Concerning the Gold Coast Negroes, Bosnian tells us that 

 they &quot; generally build a small cottage or hut ... on the 

 grave,&quot; and also that in some parts &quot; they place several 

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