298 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



furnished by household gods. These the accounts of various 

 races in various parts of the world make familiar. 



Concerning the Kalmucks and Mongols, who have such 

 domestic idols, Pallas tells us that the priests are the paint 

 ers, as well as the makers, of images of copper and clay. 



According to Ellis the idol-worship of the Malagasy &quot; ap 

 pears to have sprung up in comparatively modern times, and 

 long subsequently to the prevalence of the worship of house 

 hold gods. 7 But who were the makers of either does not 

 appear. 



712. How it would naturally happen that while, in the 

 first stages, the priest was the actual carver of images, he 

 became, in later stages, the director of those who carved 

 them, will be easily understood on remembering that a 

 kindred relation between the artist and his subordinate 

 exists now among ourselves. The modern sculptor does not 

 undertake the entire labour of executing his work, but gives 

 the rough idea to a skilled assistant who, from time to time 

 instructed in the needful alterations, produces a clay-model 

 to which his master gives the finished form: the reproduc 

 tion of the model in marble by another subordinate being 

 similarly dealt with by the sculptor. Evidently it was in 

 something like this sense that priests throughout the East 

 were sculptors in early days, as some are in our own days. 

 Writing of the Singhalese, Tennent says : 



&quot;Like the priesthood of Egypt, those of Ceylon regulated the mode 

 of delineating the effigies of their divine teacher, by a rigid formulary, 

 with which they combined corresponding directions for the drawing 

 of the human figure in connection with sacred subjects.&quot; 



From Egypt, here referred to, may be brought not only evi 

 dence that the sculptured forms of those to be worshiped 

 were prescribed by the priests in conformity with the tradi 

 tions they preserved, but also evidence that in some cases 

 they were the actual executants. Mentu-hotep, a priest of 

 the 12th dynasty, yields an example. 



