EVOLUTION OF THE PROFESSIONS. 317 



And again 



u The priestly offices were state functions . . . which did not differ 



at all in kind from that of commander of the troops, governor of a 



district, architect, and chamberlain. In fact, both kinds of office 



were, for the most part, filled by the same persons. &quot; 



And since, as Brugsch tells us, &quot; Pharaoh s architects (the 



Mur-ket) . . . were often of the number of the king s sons 



and grandsons,&quot; we see that in the governing group the 



political, ecclesiastical, and professional functions were 



united. 



722. To group of institutions illustrates with greater 

 clearness the process of social evolution; and none shows 

 more undeniably how social evolution conforms to the law of 

 evolution at large. The germs out of which the professional 

 agencies arise, forming at first a part of the regulative 

 agency, differentiate from it at the same time that they dif 

 ferentiate from one another; and, while severally being 

 rendered more multiform by the rise of subdivisions, sever 

 ally become more coherent within themselves and more defi 

 nitely marked off. The process parallels completely that by 

 which the parts of an individual organism pass from their 

 initial state of simplicity to their ultimate state of com 

 plexity. 



Originally one who was believed by himself and others to 

 have power over demons the mystery-man or medicine 

 man using coercive methods to expel disease-producing 

 spirits, stood in the place of doctor ; and when his appliances, 

 at first supposed to act supernaturally, came to be under 

 stood as acting naturally, his office eventually lost its priestly 

 character altogether: the resulting physician class, origi-^ 

 nally uniform, eventually dividing into distinguishable sub 

 classes while acquiring a definite embodiment. 



Less early, because implying more developed groups, 

 arose those who as exhibitors of joy, now in the presence of 

 the living ruler and now in the supposed presence of the de- 



