318 PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 



ceased ruler, were at first simultaneously singers and danc 

 ers, and, becoming specialized from the people at large, 

 presently became distinct from one another: whence, in 

 course of time, two groups of professionals, whose official 

 laudations, political or religious, extended in their range 

 and multiplied in their kinds. And then by like steps were 

 separated from one another vocal and instrumental mu 

 sicians, and eventually composers; within which classes 

 also there arose subdivisions. 



Ovations, now to the living king and now to the dead 

 king, while taking saltatory and musical forms, took also 

 verbal forms, originally spontaneous and irregular, but 

 presently studied and measured : whence, first, the unrhyth 

 mical speech of the orator, which under higher emotional 

 excitement grew into the rhythmical speech of the priest- 

 poet, chanting verses verses that finally became established 

 hymns of praise. Meanwhile from accompanying rude imi 

 tations of the hero s acts, performed now by one and now by 

 several, grew dramatic representations, which little by little 

 elaborated, fell under the regulation of a chief actor, who 

 prefigured the playwright. And out of these germs, all per 

 taining to worship, came eventually the various professions 

 of poets, actors, dramatists, and the subdivisions of these. 



The great deeds of the hero-god, recited, chanted or sung, 

 and mimetically rendered, naturally came to be supple 

 mented by details, so growing into accounts of his life ; and 

 thus the priest-poet gave origin to the biographer, whose 

 narratives, being extended to less sacred personages, became 

 secularized. Stories of the apotheosized chief or king, joined 

 with stories of his companions and amplified by narratives 

 of accompanying transactions, formed the first histories. 

 And from these accounts of the doings of particular men and 

 groups of men, partly true but passing by exaggeration into 

 the mythical, came the wholly mythical, or fiction; which 

 then and always preserved the biographico-historical charac 

 ter. Add to which that out of the criticisms and reflections 



