34:4 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



The uncivilized peoples of South America present facts 

 of a generally similar kind, made slightly different only by 

 the greater extent to which an agricultural life has been 

 adopted. Of Brazilian and Guiana tribes, Caribs, Uaupes, 

 we read that the men when not at war, or catching animals, 

 take for their labour only the clearing of the ground from 

 trees, &amp;lt;fcc., leaving women to do the cultivation. A like 

 general relation is found among African peoples.. The males 

 of Hottentots and Damaras, in addition to hunting and fight 

 ing, tend the cattle, but depute everything else to the fe 

 males : even the building of huts. It is much the same with 

 the Bechuanas and Kaffirs. On passing to the northern 

 negro societies the East Africans, Congo people, Coast 

 negroes, Inland negroes who have become in large meas 

 ure agricultural, we find a greater share of labour taken by 

 the men. They build, join in plantation w r ork, doing the 

 heavier part; and, having developed various special trades 

 carpenter, smith, leather-worker, weaver are many of 

 them devoted to these. In Ashanti and Dahomey, this as 

 sumption by men of special businesses and entailed labours 

 is still more marked. The Fulahs, who are of a higher type, 

 and in whose lives hunting occupies but a small space, show 

 us a much nearer approach to the civilized division of labour 

 between the sexes. Women s work in addition to domestic 

 duties includes little else than trading, while men attend to 

 cattle and farming. Among the Abyssinians the state of 

 things is somewhat similar. 



Anomalies here and there occur which were exemplified 

 in 326, but passing over these aberrant customs, we have 

 to notice only one further general fact which, though before 

 named and exemplified, I recall because it is specially in 

 structive. 



Peoples unallied in race and living in regions remote from 

 one another, show us that where exceptional conditions have 

 made possible a perfectly peaceful life, and where the men 

 are no longer occupied in war and the chase, the division of 



