INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



energies of men are mainly directed to killing enemies and 

 game, labours of other kinds must mainly devolve on women ; 

 and, conversely, where men are not thus drafted off for fight - 

 ing and hunting, pressure of population by and by forces 

 them to become producers and assume the heavier work. 



731. Psycho-physical differences other than those of 

 sex have, especially in early and in late times, appreciable 

 effects in apportioning functions. 



Even of the Fuegians, low as they are, Fitzroy tells us : 



&quot; It is rather curious that usually each of these natives is trained to 

 a particular pursuit : thus, one becomes an adept with the spear ; 

 another with the sling; another with a bow and arrows; but this ex 

 cellence in one line does not hinder their attaining a considerable pro 

 ficiency in all the others.&quot; 



So, too, of the Hudson s Bay Indians we read : &quot; Many per 

 sons have not the skill needed to construct a canoe, and they 

 employ those who have had experience and are known to 

 build an excellent boat.&quot; And similarly of the adjacent 

 Eskimo, the same writer says &quot; some women excel in boot- 

 making, and at some seasons do nothing but make boots, 

 while the others in return prepare the other garments.&quot; Of 

 the Malagasy Ellis writes that, while all remained in a meas 

 ure agricultural and pastoral, yet numbers devoted them 

 selves &quot; to one particular employment, in which they ex 

 celled.&quot; 



That among the fully-civilized there are in like manner 

 specializations of function caused by natural aptitudes, 

 needs no showing: professions and crafts are often thus 

 determined. During intermediate stages, in which men s 

 occupations are regulated by castes and gilds, individuals 

 are restrained from following their natural bents. Never 

 theless the special businesses carried on by organized groups, 

 generation after generation, probably began with ancestors 

 having special aptitudes; and in some measure by inherit 

 ance, but in greater measure by culture, there was established 

 some psycho-physical adaptation. Concerning the Hindus, 



