350 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



&quot; Ship-building was concentrated in the towns of northern Phoenicia, 

 the inhabitants of which were led to it by their mountainous country 

 being less fertile and the forests of Lebanon belonging to their terri 

 tories.&quot; 



To this case may be added that of Venice, where good 

 water communication, joined with inaccessibility to enemies 

 unacquainted with the channels of approach, gave an ad 

 vantage for mercantile development. 



Already in the second part of this work, illustrations of 

 kindred character furnished by our own country have been 

 given. A few others reinforcing them may here be added. 

 Domesday Book shows that 



* Salt-works were very numerous in some counties, particularly in 

 those lying on the coast. In Sussex, at the time of the Conquest, there 

 were of these no less than three hundred and eighty-five.&quot; 



The making of woollen fabrics began in &quot; the counties 

 which produced the best wool, and, in the imperfect state of 

 the means of communication, the manufacture naturally 

 became located within reach of the raw material.&quot; But 

 when roads improved, the greater facilities which Yorkshire 

 afforded caused migration, and that became the chief cloth- 

 district. 



&quot;The silk-weaving of England sprung up in the cheap end of its 

 metropolis, because it had to seek customers for its expensive orna 

 mental fabrics among the luxurious population of the court ; and there 

 it continued for a century . . . till it has found in the self-acting 

 power machinery of the cotton-factory districts, an attractive influence 

 injurious to the monopoly of Spitalfields. &quot; 



Cheapness of power, here obtained from coal and there 

 from water, has, indeed, been a potent cause of this tropical 

 division of labour. After 1769 



&quot;The great establishments of the Messrs. Arkwright and Strutt, at 

 Belper, Cromford, and Milford, places previously of the most trifling 

 importance, were planted there in consequence of the facilities afforded 

 by those situations for obtaining water-power in abundance ; and in 

 many other instances the same reason led to the establishment of cotton 

 factories on sites so secluded as to render it necessary to procure work 

 ing hands from a distance.&quot; 



