354: INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



livelihood ; and in a small group this negatives various kinds 

 of occupations. So that there is a three-fold cause for the 

 limited division of labour when the group contains but few, 

 and for multiplication of occupations along with increase 

 in its number: the group becomes more heterogeneous as 

 it becomes larger. This truth we see illustrated throughout 

 all stages of social evolution. As compared with occupa 

 tions in small tribes the occupations in populous Xegro 

 societies of Africa are numerous; and a like multiplicity 

 of trades exists among the Fijians, Sandwich Islanders, Ta- 

 hitians, Tongans and Samoans. Ancient societies furnish 

 abundant evidence. The fertility of the Xile Valley having 

 made possible a large population, businesses had become nu 

 merous. 



&quot;Of tradesmen, the Greco-egyptian documents which have come 

 down to us mention the fisher, the harvest-man, the baker, the manu 

 facturer of honey, of oil, of cici, the pastry cook, the milk- seller, the 

 water-carrier, the clothier, the wool manufacturer, the rope-maker, the 

 linen manufacturer, the manufacturer of coloured stuffs, the fuller of 

 cloths, the purple merchant, the manufacturers of carpets, and of mat 

 tresses, the shoe-maker (?), the principal workers in mining affairs, the 

 copper smith, the copper chaser, the iron smith, the orichalcum smith, 

 the sword maker, the goldsmith, the ivory worker, the potter, the stone 

 cutter, the stone worker, the quarry man, the alabaster worker, the 

 engraver of hieroglyphics, the sculptor, the architect, the mason, the 

 ship builder, the decorative painter, the calefactor, the cleaner, the 

 geometer, the boatman, the pilot, the flute player, the lyre player, the 

 dancer, the pugilist, the leader of caravans ; the physician, the barber, 

 the perfumer, the embalmer and undertaker, the Choachyte, Taricheute, 

 Paraschiste.&quot; 



The like happened in Greece; and a resulting contrast in 

 the division of labour in small and large places, was recog 

 nized by Xenophon. 



&quot; In small towns, the same man makes a couch, a door, a plough, and 

 a table; and frequently the same person is a builder too, and is very 

 well content if he can thus find customers enough to maintain him ; 

 and it is impossible for a man who works at many things to do them 

 all well; but, in great cities, because there are numbers that want 



