368 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



While war increases the mortality of men, it decreases by 

 overwork the fertility of women and so checks population; 

 it here abstracts and there destroys the surplus produce or 

 capital which industry has accumulated; and it breeds con 

 tempt for peaceful occupations and hence leaves them with 

 out good guidance. 



Peace, conducing to pressure of population and conse 

 quent difficulty in satisfying wants, prompts continuous ap 

 plication, prompts economy, prompts better methods. Stress 

 of needs leads men severally to adopt occupations for which 

 they are best adapted and by which they can make the most ; 

 and it becomes possible for the number of special occupations 

 to increase as the increase of population affords men for each 

 business. Once more the greater specialization of indus 

 tries not only develops skill in each and consequently better 

 products, but each kind of better product serves more or less 

 to facilitate production in general. 



Thus in all ways increase of population by its actions and 

 reactions develops a social organism which becomes more 

 heterogeneous as it grows larger ; while the immediate cause 

 for the improvement in quantity and quality of productions 

 is competition. 



