AUXILIARY PRODUCTION. 371 



considerable manufacture. In England, early in the 16th 

 century, the clothing districts witnessed such a develop 

 ment. 



&quot;Employment was given to considerable numbers of artificers and 

 workmen in making the instruments and implements which were 

 necessary in the various processes of converting wool into cloth.&quot; 

 So has it been with carpenters and cabinet-makers. They 

 are dependent for their saws, planes, chisels, gouges, gim 

 lets, &c., on various auxiliary producers. As with tools so 

 with materials. Furnished by auxiliary producers, the 

 bricks, slates, sawn timbers, lime, and the many things put 

 together to form a house, down even to the hasps and locks 

 and latches, none of them directly yield satisfactions; but 

 they yield satisfactions when combined by the builder. 



How large a part auxiliary production now plays, we are 

 shown by the numerous implements used by the farmer. In 

 addition to the plough, harrow, scythe, rake, fork, and flail; 

 he employs the steam-plough, scufller, mechanical drill, 

 horse-hoe, mowing machine, reaping and binding machine, 

 elevator, threshing machine, as well as sundry new dairy 

 appliances. Whole towns are now devoted to auxiliary pro 

 duction; as Sheffield, where multiplied kinds of cutting in 

 struments, &c., are manufactured; or as Birmingham, 

 whence come, among other kinds of hardware, the screws 

 and nails needed for carpentry and furniture, or the buttons 

 and the hooks-and-eyes w T hich hold clothes together. 



744. But the most striking development remains. The 

 making of appliances to facilitate production has been fol 

 lowed by the making of appliances for the making of appli 

 ances. 



A lathe, as ordinarily employed for turning articles of 

 domestic use, is the most familiar example. A lathe em 

 ployed for shaping parts of other lathes, and parts of other 

 machines, is an example much more striking. And a plan 

 ing machine which, turning out perfectly straight bars and 



