374 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



nights shopkeepers, standing outside their doors, show us 

 the same inverted process. 



I name this contrast because, as we shall see, it exists in 

 the earliest stages, and gives origin to two strongly distin 

 guished modes of distribution. 



746. Though, being unobtrusive, the kind of distribu 

 tion exemplified among the Hottentots, when the maker of 

 some defensive appliance gives it in return for cattle, is not 

 often described by travellers; yet, beyond question, this is 

 the primitive kind of distribution. Until an individual has 

 become reputed for skill in making a particular thing, there 

 cannot arise such demand upon him as prompts special 

 devotion to the making of it ; and there cannot result a com 

 mencement of distribution by passing it on in exchange for 

 something else. But when once the individual or the tribe 

 has, because of great skill or local advantages, become dis 

 tinguished for some article or class of articles, offers are 

 made by producers to consumers, and journeys taken for the 

 purpose of making such offers. Here are some illustrative 

 facts. 



In Guiana each tribe has some manufacture peculiar to itself ; and 

 its members constantly visit the other tribes, often hostile, for the pur 

 pose of exchanging the products of their own labour for such as are 

 produced only by the other tribes. These trading Indians are allowed 

 to pass unmolested through the enemy s country.&quot; 



Of the Mosquitos, Bancroft writes : &quot; Aboriginal wars 

 were continually waged in Honduras. . . . Neighbouring 

 tribes, however, agreed to a truce at certain times, to allow 

 the interchange of goods.&quot; And a good instance is fur 

 nished by some of the Papuans of New Guinea the people 

 of Port Moresby. These make annual canoe-voyages to an 

 other district to exchange the pottery made by their women 

 during the year for various articles which they need. 



Whether the transaction be or be not of that earliest kind 

 in which the consumer applies to the producer to make 



