408 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



of it. &quot;We forget that he is in almost every case a man who 

 combines the productions of various other men who have 

 supplied him with the prepared materials. Take the ex 

 ample which, speaking literally, comes first to hand this 

 book. It is a product to the completion of which many dif 

 ferent kinds of workers, scattered about in different locali 

 ties, have contributed. We need not dwell on its main com 

 ponent, the paper, made in one place, the printing ink, made 

 in another place, and the printing machine, made elsewhere ; 

 but, setting out with the printed sheets sent to the binders, 

 let us observe the sources of the united components. One 

 manufacturer sends the rough millboards, originally formed 

 of old ropes torn into pulp ; from another comes the strong 

 textile fabric forming the flexible back; others severally 

 supply the thread used for stitching the sheets, the trans 

 verse tapes to which the sheets are fastened, the glue used 

 for strengthening their united backs, the ornamental cloth 

 covering the outside, which itself is a joint product of weaver 

 and dyer ; and, lastly, there is the gold leaf consumed in let 

 tering. To this add that there are every minute employed 

 sundry tools supplied by other manufacturers. Thus is it 

 everywhere thus is it with our houses, highly complicated 

 in their genesis, and with all the multitudinous articles con 

 tained in them. 



So that the industrial organization presents a universal 

 network uniting each workshop with many other workshops, 

 each of which is again united with many others; and .every 

 workshop is a place where various threads of products are 

 elaborated into a special combination. In short then the 

 division of labour commonly conceived as exhibited by a 

 multitude of different kinds of producers, is quite miscon 

 ceived unless the differentiation of them is thought of as 

 accompanied by integration. 



766. But we have still to take note of a reciprocal influ 

 ence. !N&quot;ot only is the genesis of each product in large 



