CHAPTER X. 



THE REGULATION OF LABOUR. 



768. REGULATION, as a form of government, implies 

 actual or potential coercion either such actual coercion as 

 is used by the slave-driver over the N^egro, or such potential 

 coercion as is used by the farmer over his labourer, who 

 knows that idleness will bring dismissal and the penalty 

 which Mature inflicts on the penniless. Under their most 

 general aspects, therefore, all kinds of regulation are akin; 

 however much they may differ in respect to the regulating 

 agency, in respect to the mode of regulation, and in respect 

 to the kind of evil which disregard of the regulation entails. 



An underlying coercion being thus in all cases implied, we 

 may naturally look for a primitive connexion between 

 industrial regulation and the kinds of regulation we dis 

 tinguish as political and ecclesiastical. From the law of 

 Evolution we shall infer that at first these several kinds of 

 regulation were parts of one kind, and that as the political 

 and ecclesiastical have gradually differentiated from one 

 another in the course of social progress, so the industrial has 

 at the same time differentiated from both. 



There is a further corollary. While differences necessari 

 ly arise between these several forms of regulation, there must 

 simultaneously arise differences between the earlier charac 

 ters of all three and the later characters of all three. Eor 

 human nature determines them all, and any general change 



produced in men by social progress, will show itself by modi- 



412 



