CHAPTER XII. 



PATRIARCHAL REGULATION. 



778. IN very rude tribes, and especially in hunting 

 tribes, where supremacy of the father depends on physical 

 or mental superiority, no supremacy of the grandfather is 

 known. But where the sentiment of subordination is deep, 

 paternal control begets grandpaternal control, and the con 

 trol of the great-grandfather. Naturally the authority of 

 the father, strongly pronounced as we have seen among Tu 

 ranian, Semitic, and Aryan peoples in their early stages, 

 initiates the authority of the patriarch. And this, passing at 

 his death to his eldest male descendant (or if he is not alive 

 then to his eldest son), makes him the governor of the group, 

 w r ho, along with the other kinds of rule, exercises industrial 

 rule. 



Doubtless, as we see among the races named who have 

 given origin to the leading civilizations, filial obedience has 

 been fostered by ancestor-worship. The connexion between 

 the two is clearly implied by the following passage from 

 an article by Dr. Julius Happel in the Revue de Vhistoire des 

 religions. 



&quot; Aussi longtemps que vivent les parents, on doit, d apres la doctrine 

 du Hsia-King, les traiter comme des dieux terrestres . . . Cette com- 

 munaut6 de vie entre les membres d une m&me famille doit se pour- 

 suivre jusqu au dela de la mort . . . Tous les eV6nements importants 

 de la famille sont communiques aux d^funts aussi, en particulier tout 

 changement dans la propri6te ou le droit possessoral des anc^tres.&quot; 



Necessarily along with belief in the ghost of the dead 



father who is propitiated by sacrifices, and supposed to inflict 



431 



