COMMUNAL REGULATION. 



This transition from the house-community to the village- 

 community is clearly implied in the testimony of M. BogiSic. 



u II se rencontre souvent plusieurs communaut6s ayant le meme nom 

 de famille ; cela vient de ce qu elles ont forme a 1 origine une seule 

 association, qui s est divis6e pour en former de nouvelles.&quot; 

 In some parts, as Radovatz, peace and concomitant indus 

 trial progress, have caused a second decay of this communal 

 organization. Though &quot; the old order of things still exists, 

 and each cottage has its house-father and house-mother, and 

 everything is held in common,&quot; yet the households are 

 smaller than they used to be. Other Slav peoples, as the 

 Servians and Russians, exhibit similar phenomena. Assert 

 ing the identity of the regime between these two divisions of 

 the race, Madame Yefimenko, as quoted by M. Kovalevsky, 

 writes : 



&quot; Les biens constituent la proprite&quot; commune de tous les membres de 

 la famille; de proprie&quot;te&quot; prive&quot;e, il n en existe presque pas. . . . Le chef 

 de la communaut6 ne fait que gerer la fortune commune. A sa mort, 

 elle reste indivise et passe dans les mains d un autre chef, appelle & ce 

 poste par son age ou par une election, ordinairement au frere ou au 

 fils aine.&quot; 



And M. Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, from personal observation, 

 while similarly describing this communal system in Russia, 

 thus remarks on some of its evils : 



&quot;Les inconve&quot;nients ne sont pas moindres quand une 6troite izba 

 r6unit plusieurs generations et plusieurs menages que, durant les 

 longues nuits d un long hiver, les peres et les enf ants, les freres et leurs 

 femmes couchent pele-mele autour du large poele. II en re&quot;sulte une 

 sorte de promiscuite aussi malsaine pour I ame que pour le corps.&quot; 



Concerning the industrial arrangements of these com 

 munal groups, as exemplified among the Servians, M.Bogisic, 

 describing the headship as an elective autocracy kept in 

 check by the general voice, tells us that the house-father 

 directs the industrial actions of the members, holds the 

 property on their behalf, and trades under their approval, 

 while the house-mother governs the women and directs in 

 door industries. 



