SLAVERY. 471 



And this testimony of Beecliam is verified by the testimony 

 of Livingstone and another missionary, the Rev. T. M. 

 Thomas. 



&quot;The African slave, brought by a foray to the tribe, enjoys from 

 the beginning, the privileges and name of a child, and looks upon his 

 master and mistress in every respect as his new parents. He is not 

 only nearly his master s equal, but he may with impunity, leave his 

 master and go wherever he likes within the boundary of the kingdom: 

 although a bondman or servant, his position, especially in Moselekatse s 

 country, does not convey the true idea of a state of slavery ; for, by 

 care and diligence, he may soon become a master himself, and even 

 more rich and powerful than he who led him captive.&quot; But &quot; among 

 the coast tribes a fugitive is almost always sold.&quot; 



As thus implied, this domestic slavery practically differs 

 from free domestic service much less than we suppose. For 

 the ordinary house-servant, under contract, is bound to obey 

 orders, and is usually as hard worked as a domestic slave. 

 Food and lodging are common to the two, and, though a 

 servant receives wages, yet much of the amount goes to buy 

 clothing, which in the other case is provided : the slave also, 

 though not receiving wages, often receiving gifts and being 

 allowed to accumulate property. Though the domestic 

 servant can end the subject condition at a specified date, yet 

 very generally he or she has to accept some like position 

 where labour is carried on under command. 



But now, turning to societies which have grown large by 

 conquests, we come upon a much worse form of slavery. A 

 great population is implied; agriculture is its concomitant; 

 those who are not wanted in the household can be set to work 

 in the fields; and there thus grows up a class of predial 

 slaves ; who, at first undistinguished from domestic slaves, 

 gradually become differentiated from them. A transitional 

 state is described as existing in Madagascar. 



&quot;When slaves in a family are numerous, some attend to cattle; 

 others are employed in cultivating esculent roots ; others collect fuel ; 

 and of the females, some are employed in spinning, weaving, and 

 making nets, washing, and other domestic occupations.&quot; 

 130 



