FREE LABOUR AND CONTRACT. 5Q7 



felt . . . We were shown one house where the family had just 

 quarrelled and split up.&quot; 



To like effect is the remark of Kovalevsky : 



C est done 1 instinct d individualisme qui mine et d6sagrege 1 insti- 

 tution de la communaute familiale ; c est lui qui incite les membres 

 majeurs de la famille a revendiquer la libre disposition de leurs 

 acquets et d devenir les promoteurs du partage forc6 accompli du 

 vivant du pere.&quot; 



As illustrating the truth that the political regime and the 

 industrial regime are fundamentally related, it is interesting 

 to read, in M. de Laveleye s Primitive Property, a remark 

 showing that this domestic change goes along with the gen 

 eral decline of subordination. 



In the Russian family as in the Russian State, the idea of authority 

 and power is confused with that of age and paternity . . . The 

 emperor is the father . . . Since the emancipation, the old patri 

 archal family has tended to fall asunder. The sentiment of individual 

 independence is weakening and destroying it. The young people no 

 longer obey the ancient. &quot; 



But concerning the dissolution of these groups of kindred, 

 perhaps the clearest conceptions may be extracted from 

 M. Jirecek s account of the house-communities in Bulgaria, 

 of which there now remain but few. Each of these, called a 

 rod or roda (gens], generally bears the name of an ancestor. 

 ISTow-a-days the leader is elected. He directs the work and 

 life of the community, and represents it in all external trans 

 actions. The progressive collapse of them is due partly to 

 frequent internal revolutions dissatisfaction with leaders 

 and changing of them and partly to the excursions of mem 

 bers in search of work, and their eventual separation : doubt 

 less caused by the desire to retain what they have earned. 



The same essential causes operate in the Indian communi 

 ties. Mr. Ghosh points out that unlikenesses of character 

 between different tribes, as well as unlikenesses in their occu 

 pations, cause different degrees of the tendency to dissolve ; 

 but that everywhere the tendency is shown under present 

 peaceful conditions. Pointing to certain reasons for jealousy 



