576 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



&quot;There is an obverse side to this problem, which a long and intimate 

 acquaintance with the Indians in their villages has forced upon the 

 writer. . . The peculiar institutions prevailing in this respect gave to 

 each tribe or clan a profound interest in the skill, ability, and industry 

 of each member. He was the most valuable person in the community 

 who supplied it with the most of its necessities. For this reason the 

 successful hunter or fisherman was always held in high honour, and 

 the woman who gathered great store of seeds, fruits, or roots, or who 

 cultivated a good corn-field, was one who commanded the respect and 

 received the highest approbation of the people.&quot; 



That a natural connexion exists among certain traits thus 

 described, cannot be doubted when we find that a like con 

 nection of traits exists among some peoples of the Balkans ; 

 and that the groups displaying them are now dying out along 

 with the dying out of the militant conditions to which they 

 were natural. Mr. Arthur J. Evans, describing the Croatian 

 house-communities, writes : 



&quot;Besides this readiness to combine, another favourable aspect of 

 this Communistic society was especially striking to one fresh from 

 among the somewhat churlish, close-fisted Nether-Saxons. This was a 

 certain geniality, an open-handed readiness of good cheer.&quot; 



The Granitza folk ... are light in heart as in garment ; sociable, 

 hospitable; finding their poetic portraiture rather among those 

 Arcadians of whom it is written that 



Neither locks had they to their doors, nor bars to their windows. 

 But their dwellings were open as day and the hearts of their owners. &quot; 



&quot;The communal system prevents moreover the rise of an actual 

 proletariate; the flunkeyism of service is absent where all are alike 

 fellow-helps and fellow-masters ; and no doubt if a brother be dispro 

 portionately lazy, moral suasion of an unmistakable kind is brought to 

 bear on him by the rest of the community. Here we have a kind of 

 industrial police organization.&quot; 



But &quot; it was admitted to us here who, indeed, could not see it ? 

 that education was far behind-hand, and the children unkempt and 

 neglected ; indeed the mortality among Granitza infants is said to be 

 outrageous. Why, indeed, should they be better cared for ? Why in 

 the name of Fortune should the celibate portion of the community be 

 mulcted for the sake of philoprogenitive brothers ? Agriculture here 

 is at a standstill, and the fields undunged.&quot; 



&quot;The truth is that the incentives to labour and economy are 



