SOCIALISM. 58T 



that they should love their neighbours as themselves, here 

 rob their fellows and there shoot them, while hoping to slay 

 wholesale men of other blood ? 



845. Reduced to its ultimate form, the general question 

 at issue between socialists and anti-socialists, concerns the 

 mode of regulating labour. Preceding chapters have dealt 

 with this historically treating of regulation that is paternal, 

 patriarchal, communal, or by a gild of regulation that has 

 the form of slavery or serfdom of regulation under ar 

 rangements partially free or wholly free. These chapters 

 have illustrated in detail the truth, emphasized at the outset, 

 that political, ecclesiastical, and industrial regulations simul 

 taneously decrease in coerciveness as we ascend from lower 

 to higher types of societies: the modern industrial system 

 being one under which coerciveness approaches a minimum. 

 Though now the worker is often mercilessly coerced by 

 circumstances, and has nothing before him but hard terms, 

 yet he is not coerced by a master into acceptance of these * 

 terms. 



But while the evils which resulted from the old modes of 

 regulating labour, not experienced by present or recent 

 generations, have been forgotten, the evils accompanying 

 the new mode are keenly felt, and have aroused the desire 

 for a mode which is in reality a modified form of the old 

 mode. There is to be a re-institution of status not under 

 individual masters but under the community as master. ]STo 

 longer possessing themselves and making the best of their 

 powers, individuals are to be possessed by the State ; which, 

 while it supports them, is to direct their labours. Necessari 

 ly there is implied a vast and elaborate administrative body 

 regulators of small groups, subject to higher regulators, 

 and so on through successively superior grades up to a central 

 authority, which coordinates the multitudinous activities of 

 the society in their kinds and amounts. Of course the mem 

 bers of this directive organization must be adequately paid 



