610 INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONS. 



ducing step after step higher societies, leave outstanding 

 many lower. Varieties of men adapted here to inclement 

 regions, there to regions that are barren, and elsewhere to 

 regions unfitted, by ruggedness of surface or insalubrity, for 

 supporting large populations, will, in all probability, con 

 tinue to form small communities of simple structures. More 

 over, during future competitions among the higher races 

 there will probably be left, in the less desirable regions, 

 minor nations formed of men inferior to the highest ; at the 

 same time that the highest overspread all the great areas 

 which are desirable in climate and fertility. But while the 

 entire assemblage of societies thus fulfils the law of evolu 

 tion by increase of heterogeneity, while within each of 

 them contrasts of structure, caused by differences of environ 

 ments and entailed occupations, cause unlikenesses imply 

 ing further heterogeneity; we may infer that the primary 

 process of evolution integration which up to the present 

 time has been displayed in the f ormation of larger and larger 

 nations, will eventually reach a still higher stage and bring 

 yet greater benefits. As, when small tribes were welded into 

 great tribes, the head chief stopped inter-tribal warfare ; as, 

 when small feudal governments became subject to a king, 

 feudal wars were prevented by him; so, in time to come, 

 a federation of the highest nations, exercising supreme au 

 thority (already foreshadowed by occasional agreements 

 among &quot; the Powers &quot;), may, by forbidding wars between 

 any of its constituent nations, put an end to the re-barbar- 

 ization which is continually undoing civilization. 



When this peace-maintaining federation has been formed, 

 there may be effectual progress towards that equilibrium 

 between constitution and conditions between inner facul 

 ties and outer requirements implied by the final stage of 

 human evolution. Adaptation to the social state, now per 

 petually hindered by anti-social conflicts, may then go on 

 unhindered; and all the great societies, in other respects 

 differing, may become similar in those cardinal traits which 



