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no human beings on the earth in actuality ; but they were 

 there in potentiality, for the human race was not imported 

 hither from another planet. Man came on earth in actu 

 ality from his existence in potentiality, which was contained 

 in the actual existence of the earth itself; in the actual ex 

 istence of the earth was contained the potential existence 

 of man, and through a certain cause, he was brought into actual 

 existence on it. The potential existence, which is the possibility 

 of existing, precedes always in time the existence of actuality. 

 Thus, according to Aristotle, that Divinity is the activity or the 

 existence of actuality, compells the assumption that the potential 

 existence of the universe was previous to Divinity, who is its 

 creator ! ? 



Aristotle s error was impressed upon the mind of the great 

 philosopher Descartes, who expressed himself: &quot;The idea, 

 which a man may conceive of a winged horse, is not in itself a 

 falsehood, as long as a man does not think at the same time 

 that a winged horse can be found in existence.&quot; Thus, this 

 philosopher thinks, that if a man believes that a winged horse 

 exists, his idea is a falsehood. The truth, however, is not so ; 

 but every conception of the mind, which has not a refutation in 

 the mind, must have an actual existence, when the cause comes 

 to produce it in actual existence according to the laws of Inte- 

 lectuality, as it is conceived in the mind. The winged horse 

 has no refutation in the mind, for the wings are no contradiction 

 to the body of the horse in the mind, because the mind asserts 

 that a horse with four legs can be in existence, which should 

 have also wings when there is a cause for it. If we have not 

 such a creature before us in actuality, it is for the reason that 

 the cause for its actual existence is not come yet, or perhaps 

 there was such a cause many thousand years before us and a 

 winged horse did actualy exist in the world, but another cause 

 came afterwards and destroyed that species, as many other 

 species of animals were extinguished upon the earth ; perhaps, 

 moreover, there is still such a creature in existence on the planet 

 Mars or on any other planet. Let us imagine our earth, as it 

 was in its piimitive state when there was not a human being 



