x PREFA CE 



could aspire. The references throughout are to the edi 

 tions just mentioned. 



In preparing large numbers of students for the pre 

 paratory and degree examinations of the late Royal, and of 

 the present National University of Ireland, the author has 

 felt the need of some one textbook that would meet the 

 requirements of all his pupils. With this object in view, the 

 more advanced portions, together with certain paragraphs 

 that are mainly illustrative, have been printed in these 

 volumes in smaller letterpress, or in footnotes. These may 

 all be omitted on a first reading, when the student is learn 

 ing the elementary principles and outlines of the science. 

 At this early stage, too, certain chapters may be passed 

 over altogether. The portions thus omitted may be taken 

 up with advantage only in preparation for the degree 

 examination. And it is hoped that even the student who 

 reads an honours course will find a satisfactory programme 

 of studies presented in these pages. Subjoined to each 

 chapter will be found some references to useful readings. 

 The student is also recommended to avail himself of the 

 list of Questions and Exercises at the end of each volume. 



There is a very close connexion between many of the 

 questions discussed at various stages in a textbook of 

 logic. And it is essential to the proper understanding of 

 those questions by the student that he be made to see their 

 mutual bearings. This the author has endeavoured to 

 secure, not merely by means of the index, but more especi 

 ally by numerous cross-references (to the numbered sec 

 tions) in the text itself. Nor, in regard to the more 

 important doctrines, has he thought it advisable to avoid 

 even some partial repetitions. The experienced teacher 

 will admit that at least as an obvious aid to emphasis there 

 is a good deal to be said in favour of such a simple pro 

 cedure. 



For those who aspire to become instructors, educators, 

 teachers, pressmen, statesmen ; for those who would lead, 



