LOGIC AND KINDRED SCIENCES. 37 



and predicate : &quot; These premises are on fire &quot;. Again, we fix the 

 logical subject of the sentence, not so much by looking to the form 

 of words in which the latter is expressed, as to the underlying 

 thought, and finding out what the main thing is about which we 

 are thinking : this we make the logical subject ; what we think 

 about it, the logical predicate. Frequently the logical and the 

 grammatical form of a statement do not coincide : the latter has 

 to be recast in order to obtain the former. The logical subject is 

 always grammatically resolvable into a substantive. The adjective 

 with its equivalents is logically a predicate, and it is only by an 

 ellipsis it can stand as logical subject : &quot; The virtuous (people) are 

 happy &quot;. Of course any part of speech, when -made to stand for 

 itself by what is known as suppositio materialis, can be a logical 

 subject: e.g. &quot;Seldom is a word of two syllables&quot;; &quot;alas is an 

 interjection &quot; ; &quot;and is the English of et&quot; etc. 



Finally, it will be observed that a name or term, the subject 

 or predicate of a proposition, is perhaps more frequently expressed 

 by two or more words than by a single word. A Name, therefore, 

 might be defined as a word, or combination of words, serving as a 

 sign or mark to raise up in our own minds and in the minds of 

 others an idea of some object of thought. When a name is used as 

 subject (S) or predicate (P) in a logical proposition it is called a 

 term (from Terminus, a limit or boundary : the two ideas com 

 pared in a judgment forming the extremes of the comparison). 

 A Logical Term is usually defined as the verbal expression of an 

 idea, or the result of the analysis of a logical proposition into 

 subject and predicate. When the verbal expression is considered 

 in itself, apart from any proposition, it is called a name ; as form 

 ing subject or predicate of a proposition, it is called a term. 1 



The fact that the term or name may be either a single word, 

 as student,&quot; or a combination of words, as &quot;student of philo 

 sophy,&quot; gives rise to the division of terms or names into Single- 

 worded (Terminus Incomplexus] and Many-worded (Terminus 

 Complexus]. The latter are combinations of words some of which 

 are themselves simple terms and others syncategorematic words, 

 which latter fall in this indirect manner under the consideration 

 of logic. 



23. DEFINITIONS OF LOGIC From what has been said so 



1 The word &quot; term &quot; is sometimes used by logicians as synonymous with the 

 object about which we think, the object of our thought, what scholastic logicians 

 called the conceptus objectives (cf. JOSEPH, op. cit. t pp. 14-18). 



