PART I. 

 CONCEPTS AND TERMS. 



CHAPTER I. 



LOGICAL PROPERTIES AND DIVISIONS OF CONCEPTS AND 



TERMS. 



26. MUTUAL RELATIONS OF TERM, THOUGHT, AND THING. 

 As logic deals primarily with thought and secondarily with 

 language it will make no difference whether we speak, with 

 some authors, mainly of Terms, Propositions, and Syllogisms, or, 

 with others, mainly of Concepts, Judgments, and Reasonings, 

 provided always we bear in mind what has been said about the 

 function and scope of logic: that thought is its chief concern. 

 As a matter of fact we purpose to employ sometimes one, some 

 times the other set of terms, according as the treatment of the 

 subject may demand. Nor can we expect entirely to avoid certain 

 references to the nature of the things themselves, the realities, 

 the objects about which thought is concerned. 



Again, since judgment is the chief act of the mind the act in 

 which truth or error is contained logic will treat of concepts and 

 terms only in so far as these are materials of, and enter into, 

 judgments and propositions. Every concept stands for, or refers 

 to some object, but it is only the judgment that predicates or 

 announces one object of thought about another. These two thought- 

 objects, compared in judgment, are known as concepts or objective 

 concepts. They are connected by a mental bond expressed orally 

 by the verb to be, which is called the copula ; and they are them 

 selves called the subject axid predicate of the judgment. The concept 

 will therefore be treated as a thought-unit capable of fulfilling the 

 function of subject or predicate of a logical judgment : &quot; notio 

 subjicibilis vel praedicabilis in enunciatione &quot;. So, too, the Name 

 will be treated only in so far as it stands as Term in a logical 



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