114 THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC. 



things, it also leads us up to the clear understanding of those 

 widest and simplest notions which form the principles and axioms 

 of all the various human sciences. The importance of the function 

 of logical division in the sciences and in philosophy will be ap 

 parent from what we shall have to say in the present chapter on 

 Classification, and in the next chapter on the Categories. 



Definition itself is a sort of division or analysis of the implica 

 tion of the name or notion, while logical division is concerned 

 with the application of the latter. Every concrete general name 

 or notion has those two aspects (30, 36, 37). It is an intensive 

 whole, sometimes called a Totum Comprehensions or a Totum 

 Metaphysicum, resolvable into abstract attributes by Definition, 

 or by Metaphysical Analysis (50). It is likewise an extensive 

 whole, sometimes called a Totum Logicum or Totum Extensionis, 

 resolvable by Logical Division into smaller &quot; logical parts,&quot; sub 

 classes or groups of individuals, which may be comprised under it. 



Of each and every one of these sub-classes, comprised by 

 logical division in the extension of a given genus, the attributes 

 connoted by the name of the genus may be predicated. That is 

 to say, we can predicate the &quot; logical whole&quot; of its &quot; logical 

 parts&quot;; we can say &quot;men are living things,&quot; &quot;horses are living 

 things,&quot; &quot; trees are living things,&quot; etc. 1 This shows that the re 

 lation of &quot;logical whole&quot; to &quot;logical parts&quot; is quite different 

 from the relation of any real whole to its real parts. We cannot 

 assert the whole connotation or comprehension of a term, as pre 

 dicate, of any portion of the same as subject, or vice versa ; we 

 cannot assert that &quot; the capacity of rational speech is man &quot; or 

 vice versa ; 2 nor can we, in case of physical partition, or the 

 physical description which expresses it (56), predicate the part of 

 the whole, &quot;the ship is the mast,&quot; or vice versa. 



Finally, division as well as definition has to do with names or terms 

 inasmuch as it is only through these it can deal with concepts and things. We 

 have seen in what sense definition is of names, and how far verbal disputes 

 turn on equivocation or ambiguity in the use of terms (54). The process of 

 distinguishing between the various meanings attached to an equivocal or 

 ambiguous term is sometimes described as Verbal Distinction or Verbal 

 Division. Here, too, we can predicate what is apparently the same &quot; whole &quot; 

 of what are apparently its &quot; parts &quot;. We can say, &quot; This tool is a vice,&quot; and 



1 Similarly, we can predicate the parts of the whole, though only indefinitely 

 (93), e.g. &quot; some animals are men &quot;. 



2 We can, however, predicate the metaphysical parts concretely about the whole, 

 e.g. &quot; Man is capable of rational speech &quot;. 



