198 THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC. 



worded term (22). The presence of the latter does not take away 

 the simple character of a simple proposition. Thus, 

 &quot; The castled crags of Drachenfels 



Frowns o er the wide and winding Rhine, 



Whose breast of waters broadly swells 



Between the banks which bear the vine ; &quot; 



is a simple categorical proposition [78 (/)]. The subject or 

 predicate of such a proposition may consist of a principal term, 

 qualified in various ways by a number of incident terms, or even 

 of incident phrases or clauses introduced by a relative or its 

 equivalent Those clauses invariably belong to one or other of 

 two classes. They are either explicative or limitative (deter 

 minative] : explicative if they refer to the whole denotation of the 

 principal term, explaining it or giving some further information 

 about it ; limitative (or determinative) if they restrict the denota 

 tion of the principal term. In the former case the incident clause 

 may contain a statement which may be co-ordinated with the 

 main proposition by substituting &quot;and&quot; with the principal sub 

 ject (or the personal pronoun), for the relative. For example, 

 &quot; The speakers, who were all very eloquent, discussed the question 

 fully&quot; may be stated: &quot;The speakers . . . discussed . . ., and 

 they were all very eloquent&quot;. No such substitution can take 

 place when the subordinate clause is limitative : the proposition, 

 &quot;All the inhabitants who take part in the riots will be punished,&quot; 

 cannot be dealt with like the previous example. 



Some logicians would describe the many-worded terms which 

 enter into the above propositions as complex terms. 1 Others re 

 gard them as simple terms, though many-worded : defining a 

 complex term as the conjunctive or alternative combination of 

 two distinct simple terms, and a complex proposition as one 

 having a complex term either for its subject or for its predicate. 2 



Thus &quot; tall and courageous &quot; would be a complex term (conjunctive) ; 

 so also &quot; red or white &quot; would be a complex term (alternative). There 

 seems to be this ground, at least, for the latter usage, that the complex term 

 would express two distinct concepts, held as distinct in the mind ; while the 

 simple term, even though many-worded, would express only one concept, 

 composed, undoubtedly, of a number of notes or attributes, but yet conceived 

 as one mental whole. 



95. EXPONIBLE PROPOSITIONS. There is a similar uncertainty 

 of usage regarding the expression : &quot; compound proposition &quot; (84). 



1 C/. WELTON, Logic, i., pp. 176, 177. 



2 KEYNES, Formal Logic, pp. 468, 478. 



