CHAPTER VI. 



EDUCTIONS FROM CATEGORICAL JUDGMENTS AND 

 PROPOSITIONS. 



116. IMMEDIATE INFERENCE: KINDS OF EDUCTIONS. We 

 have distinguished between the meaning and the implications of 

 a proposition (82). Meaning is that amount of knowledge under 

 stood to be directly and explicitly conveyed by the proposition. 

 The further items of knowledge involved in, and derivable from 

 this, are called implications. The process of making explicit, by 

 analysis, the various implications contained in any single proposi 

 tion, is called IMMEDIATE INFERENCE : to distinguish it from Medi 

 ate Inference, or Reasoning proper, which will be dealt with in 

 Book in. The propositions which express those further items of 

 knowledge are also called immediate inferences from the given 

 proposition. Some of these inferences we have already reached 

 and dealt witH in examining the Opposition of Propositions (Chap. 

 V.). 



It will be noticed that propositions thus opposed had the same 

 subject and predicate, differing only in quality, orquantity, or both. 

 But, from any proposition given as true, we can in other ways 

 now to be explained derive a much larger number of true 

 propositions not having for subject and predicate exactly the 

 same terms as the original, and in the same order ; but those 

 terms or their negatives, and in various orders. It is these new 

 propositions especially that are commonly called &quot; immediate 

 inferences,&quot; rather than the forms reached by the square of opposi 

 tion. But it is better tu use the term &quot;immediate inference&quot; to 

 cover the forms reached in the preceding as well as in the present 

 chapter, and to use a special name for the inferences reached 

 otherwise than by opposition. These have been appropriately 

 called Eductions by some recent writers. The term has come 

 into currency and we shall make use of it. 



EDUCTION may therefore be defined as the process by which, from 



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