3*6 THE SCIENCE OF LOGIC 



major and minor premisses, and conclusions, respectively. The 

 &quot; named &quot; moods are arranged above in the same order as their 

 &quot; names &quot; occur in these lines : l 



Barbara, Celarent, Darii, Ferioque priori s ; 

 Cesar e, Games tres, Festino, Baroco secundae ; 

 Tertia, Daro.pti y Disamis, Datisi, Felapton, 

 Bocardo, Ferison, habet : Quarta insuper, addit : 

 Bramantip, Camenes, Dimaris, Fesapo, Fresison. 

 Quinque Subalterni, totidem generalibus orti. 

 Nomen habent nullum, neque, si bene colligis, usum. 



Logicians have found it convenient, nevertheless, to call the 

 five subaltern moods Barbari, Celaront, Cesaro, Camestrop, arid 

 Camenop, after the universal moods to which they respectively 

 correspond. 



The significance of the consonants in the names of the moods 

 will be explained below (166). 



163. THE &quot; FUNDAMENTAL &quot; AND THE &quot;STRENGTHENED&quot; 

 MOODS OF THE SYLLOGISM. If we examine the twenty-four 

 valid moods given above, we shall see that in certain cases, where 

 a particular conclusion is drawn from two universal premisses, 

 precisely the same conclusion is also arrived at in the same figure 

 by substituting for one or other of the universal premisses the 

 corresponding particular premiss. 



In figure I , (A A I) and (E A O) have the same conclusions as 

 All and E I O respectively. 



In figure 2, (E A O) and (A E O) have the same conclusions 

 as E I O and A O O respectively. 



In figure 3, A A I has the same conclusion as I A I and 

 All; E A O the same conclusion as O A O and E I O. 



In figure 4, A A I and E A O have the same conclusions as 

 I A I and E I O respectively. 



Now, these eight moods, which contain universal premisses 

 yielding a particular conclusion that could be obtained equally 

 well if one of the premisses were reduced to a particular, are called 

 STRENGTHENED MOODS or STRENGTHENED SYLLOGISMS. 



A Strengthened Syllogism may, therefore, be defined as a 

 syllogism which would still yield its (particular] conclusion even if 



1 The lines, as given, are_traced by Mr. Joseph (op. cit., p. 261, n.) only as far 

 back as Aldrich s Artis Logicae Fundamenta. The older form, with the indirect 

 moods of the first figure instead of the moods of the fourth, is given below (171). 



