QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES 419 



things ? Are they subjective or objective ? a classification of the forms, or of 

 the materials of thought ? Did the Scholastics regard Aristotle s categories 

 as an enumeration of the suprema genera or highest classes of existing or 

 possible things ? Are Aristotle s nine accidentia subordinate to accidens as 

 genus supremum, or are they co-ordinate with substantia f Give Hamilton s 

 modification of Aristotle s scheme. Explain briefly Mill s understanding of 

 the scope of the categories. Explain the process by which he reduced them 

 all to &quot; Feeling &quot;. What did Kant understand by the categories ? Explain 

 his distinction between the matter and the form of thought. How many 

 &quot; categories &quot; of the understanding did he enumerate ? How did he arrive at 

 his results ? Indicate some of the defects of his scheme. 



PART II. 



CHAP. I. Distinguish between a logical proposition, a significant term 01 

 phrase, and a grammatical sentence. Define judgment and proposition, 

 Distinguish between subject and predicate. Explain the unity and plurality oi 

 the judgment. Compare judgment with conception, and with reasoning, in 

 regard to truth. What does &quot; interpretation &quot; mean ? How is the process 

 carried on? How does &quot;naming&quot; involve judgment? Are concepts or 

 terms true or false ? What is meant by the &quot; objective reference &quot; of the 

 judgment ? Give some definitions of judgment that emphasize this reference. 

 What is a Criterion of Truth ? In what sense is a judgment, even about a 

 particular matter of fact, universal ? Does the truth of judgment depend on 

 time ? Is truth dependent on our wishes ? What do you understand by the 

 statement that logic considers the judgment and the proposition in the 

 abstract ? What is formulation ? Distinguish between the import or mean 

 ing, and the implications, of a proposition. On what does the meaning of a 

 proposition depend ? Is it purely conventional ? How far does logic allow us 

 to change the wording of a proposition ? 



CHAP. II. Indicate three distinct classes of problems regarding the 

 import of judgments and propositions. From what different standpoints may 

 judgments be classified ? Indicate four main grounds of division, with the 

 members in each class. Define each kind of judgment enumerated. 

 Explain the distinction based on Relation. Enumerate the synonyms for 

 essential and accidental propositions. Explain the nature of the distinction 

 as understood in scholastic philosophy. Are all propositions &quot; in necessary 

 matter &quot; per se notae ? Illustrate different &quot; modi dicendi per se &quot;. In what 

 sense are these judgments &quot;a priori&quot; ? Does the distinction depend on the 

 knowledge of the individual judging? May it be interpreted to turn on the 

 connotation of the concepts ? Is it a fixed distinction ? Explain the terms 

 &quot;Verbal&quot; and &quot;Real,&quot; &quot;Explicative&quot; and &quot;Instructive&quot; or &quot; Ampliative,&quot; 

 &quot; A priori&quot; and &quot; A posteriori,&quot; &quot;Analytic&quot; and &quot; Synthetic &quot;. Why did 

 Kant describe certain judgments as &quot; synthetic a priori &quot; f What judgments 

 are here referred to ? Explain his use of the terms employed. How do 

 Kantists and Scholastics, respectively, account for the characteristics of these 

 judgments? Account for the terms &quot;metaphysical&quot; and &quot;physical&quot; as 

 applied to these judgments. What do you understand by Modality in 

 categorical judgments ? Distinguish between Dictum and Modus, between 



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