vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



216. The &quot;Principle of Causality&quot; in Induction: Aristotle s Classification of 



Causes . . 61 



217. &quot;Purpose&quot; or &quot;Design&quot;: &quot;Final Causes&quot; and &quot;Law&quot; in Physical 



Nature 66 



218. Contrast between Traditional and Empiricist Conceptions of Efficient 



Causality 70 



219. The Sensist or Empiricist View of Causality : Mill s Teaching . . 75 



220. Causality, Sequence in Time, and Contiguity in Space .... 80 



221. &quot;Plurality of Causes&quot;: &quot;Reciprocal&quot; and &quot;Non-Reciprocal&quot; Causal 



Relation 84 



222. Science and the Discovery of &quot; Causes &quot; and &quot; Laws &quot; .... 86 



CHAPTER IV. 



PRESUPPOSITIONS OF INDUCTION : UNIFORMITY OF NATURE. 



223. Interpretations of the Principle of Uniformity in Nature 93 



224. Ultimate Rational Grounds ot our Belief in Uniformity : The Scholastic, 



Empiricist, and Idealist Views 99 



225. Relation of the Principle to Induction and to Deduction . . . .113 



CHAPTER V. 

 HYPOTHESIS: ITS NATURE, FUNCTIONS, AND SOURCES. 



226. Functions of Scientific Hypothesis 120 



227. Scientific Value of Various Kinds of Hypothesis 122 



228. Nature and Verification of Causal or Explanatory Hypotheses . . 127 



229. The R61e of Analogy in Verification : Ultimate Systematic Conceptions 135 



230. Verification by Cumulative Evidence 141 



231. &quot; Postulates &quot; and their Justification : &quot; Truth &quot; of Verified Hypotheses . 142 



232. Theism as a Verifiable Hypothesis 145 



233. Summary of Logical Requirements for a Legitimate Hypothesis . . 148 



234. Sources of Scientific Hypotheses : Analogy ... . . 151 



235. Worth of .Analogy : Its Function in Verification 155 



236. The Argument from &quot; Example &quot; in Aristotle 158 



237. &quot;Analogy&quot; as understood by Aristotle 160 



CHAPTER VI. 



METHOD OF DISCOVERING CAUSAL LAWS BY ANALYSIS OF FACTS : 

 OBSERVATION AND EXPERIMENT. 



238. Observation and Selection : Initial Precautions 162 



239. Experiment : its Relations to Observation 164 



240. The Function of Experiment : Difficulties of Analysis .... 165 



241. The &quot;Rules&quot; or &quot;Canons&quot; of Inductive Analysis; &quot;Methods&quot; of 



&quot; Agreement &quot; and &quot; Difference &quot; 172 



242. Combination of &quot; Agreement &quot; and &quot; Difference &quot; 179 



243. Method of &quot; Concomitant Variations &quot;. Measurement. Statistics. . 186 



244. Method of&quot; Residues,&quot; &quot;Conjunction of Causes,&quot; and &quot; Intermixture of 



Effects&quot; 193 



245. Scope of the &quot; Methods &quot; : Use of Symbols .... . 197 



246. Quantitative Determination : Modes of Measurement . . . .201 



247. &quot; Empirical Laws &quot; and their Explanation : Transition to Part V. . .205 



