NEWMARKET SOIL CROPS. 117 



get salt once a-week. Labourers can be had at all time?, 

 getting $10 a-month in summer $5 in winter. Thrashing 

 with the flail, one-ninth of the quantity ; carriage, or teaming, 

 from Newmarket to York, 7 Jd., Halifax currency, per bushel. 

 Timber around Newmarket is of the largest size, and the 

 expense of obtaining the first wheat crop was stated by Mr 

 H thus 



Purchase money of wood land, - $3 



Under bushing and chopping, 8 



Logging, burning, and fencing, 



Seed and harrowing, 



Carting and harvesting, 



Thrashing and teaming, * 5 



$29 

 Produce estimated at 25 bushels, at $1=$25 



The country from York to Lake Simcoe is, generally, 

 well cleared and settled, the soil being chiefly loam, carrying 

 excellent wheat crops, and seems fitted for almost any kind of 

 husbandry. It is difficult to classify the soil around New 

 market, which seemed well fitted for turnip growing, and 

 such as would be considered of too soft a texture in the place 

 of my nativity, yet it was producing wheat crops, with stiff 

 straw and large ears. The farm-houses seem comfortable, and; 

 the stumps are chiefly removed. The surface is undulating, 

 and free from stagnant water. 



For the first time, we saw small flocks of wood-pigeons, 

 collected after the breeding season, and people shooting them. 



The bar-room of the Newmarket hotel was filled with 

 drunkards of the lowest class, part of them in rags, and sweat 

 ing in a disgusting manner. Before the arrival of the coaeli 

 which carried us to York, we examined a large flour miil^an&amp;lt;^ 

 many samples of wheat it contained, not all of fine quality/ 

 and partly much sprouted. There were handsome iron .ploughs, &amp;gt; 

 made by George Gray, Uddingstone, Ayrshire,, 

 selling at $30, while wooden ones, of Canadian make, 

 $18. I observed a lime kiln, formed in a bank of iCla^, &y 

 excavation, without building materials, and which seeiaed toJ 

 have been used for some time. 



Our luggage, which Mr Chrystler, the landlord of the 



