ROYALISTS THEIR AGRICULTURE. 213 



Indian corn, and tobacco wheat and Indian corn being the 

 chief crops. In many instances wheat had been sown amongst 

 growing Indian corn, and ploughed in between the drills. 

 This is an excellent plan, the wheat being well advanced 

 when the Indian corn is reaped. Oxen are employed in 

 ploughing generally, and all operations are performed in a 

 superficial manner. I observed a crop of buck-wheat being 

 carried in the township of Gosfield, on 24th October. Two 

 horses were attached to a sleigh, and two men on the ground 

 were building small sheaves on the sleigh with their hands, 

 neither of them having a pitchfork. A trifling load was 

 taken off the field, attended by the two men already men 

 tioned ; and after being upset, a man and two boys placed it 

 in the barn. The carrying of this crop would have been 

 effected at one-fourth of the labour in Scotland, where the 

 division of farm labour is properly understood. Extensive 

 orchards are everywhere met with, and the crop of apples 

 was immense, so much so, that they sometimes remained un- 

 gathered. The horses, oxen, sheep, and pigs in this part of 

 Canada are all inferior in kind ; and if such a thing as a good 

 sized horse can be found either for the saddle or draught pur 

 poses, which I very much doubt, it must have come from the 

 States. 



The implements of husbandry are such as are common to 

 the country. Several grist-mills are propelled by oxen walk 

 ing on an inclined plane, and are very poor machines. A 

 good many gris&amp;gt;mills are also propelled by wind, chiefly 

 amongst the French inhabitants on the shores of Detroit 

 river and the lakes, and also some by oxen or horses attached 

 to a large wheel, moving horizontally a few inches from the 

 ground. I was given to understand a steam-power grist-mill 

 was about to be erected at Sandwich, by a capitalist lately 

 arrived in the country, and I imagine will be chiefly employed 

 in grinding wheat from the States. 



The trees do not materially differ from those in other parts 

 of Canada, with exception of sweet chestnut being common 

 on the shores of Lake Erie. This tree is generally found OR 

 poor sandy soil, and seems to occupy the place of the pine in 

 the districts to the north and east. In passing round Lake 



