344 RENT. 



nothing remains for the tenant. This is particularly obvious 

 in unproductive seasons when the diminished crop may be 

 represented by 4, leaving the tenant, after discharging taxes 

 and some other things, without a farthing to pay rent. I 

 myself have been so situated, and human means cannot pre 

 vent such visitations. Hence the speculative nature of farm 

 ing, and the results which have flowed from it. 



In American produce, let nature be represented by 3 

 Capital, .... 01 



Labour, . , . 1J- 



Total, .... 41 



In the eastern parts where rent is paid, the landholder s 

 portion may be 1, leaving 3-J for the tenant and expenses of 

 cultivation. In remote districts where capital is scarcely 

 employed, the whole produce falls to be divided between the 

 landholder and labourers, and the landholder enjoys it without 

 division, when the labour is performed by his own hands. 

 Although the divisible portion appears the same in both coun 

 tries, the labour and capital employed in cultivation is perhaps 

 five times greater in Britain than in western America. On a 

 given surface the produce is greater in Britain, but in America 

 the produce is greater in proportion to the labour employed 

 in cultivation. 



In East Lothian the farmer gives the fruits of nature and 

 part of the results of capital and labour to the landholder as 

 rent. In western America the farmer shares nature s bounty 

 with the labourer, or enjoys it himself by labouring with his 

 own hands. In East Lothian the farmer of the present time 

 is in some degree the servant of the landholder. In western 

 America the farmer has nature for his servant, or at least en 

 joys her labours. With such an assistant what industrious 

 man can be poor ? 



In the event of death or old age, nature still continues her 

 services to the American fanner, by furnishing grass and 

 other commodities. A widow or young family, almost under 

 any circumstances, could milk cows and plant potatoes. Boun 

 tiful nature would provide grass for the animals and mature 



