ESTIMATED BY THE STANDARD OF NATURE. 471 



of summer, when oil can be supplied. Winter being absent 

 seven months in Lower Canada, eight in Upper Canada, and 

 ten in Illinois, the relative quantities of fabrics manufactured 

 in the workshops are not truly represented by these numbers ; 

 and when all the effects of climate and of labour on animal 

 and vegetable machinery are duly considered, the average 

 farming results, as regard quantity, may be stated in Lower 

 Canada at six, in Upper Canada at seven and a half, and in 

 Illinois at ten. But farming depends greatly on the aid 

 afforded nature, and the stated results of the countries are 

 supposed to arise from similar management. 



Climate not being alike congenial to all plants and animals, 

 the results of the farm will be affected in quantity and quality 

 by the machinery which is employed and the care bestowed 

 on it. It is almost unnecessary to illustrate this position. 

 The north of Scotland yields finer oats than the south of 

 England, but falls far short in the growth of wheat. The 

 wheat of Lower Canada is inferior to the wheat of the 

 upper province, and the growth of Illinois is superior to the 

 wheat of Upper Canada. Lower Canada does not produce 

 autumn sown wheat, and L T pper Canada is not, like Illinois, 

 congenial to the growth of Indian corn, the &quot; meal, meadow, 

 and manure&quot; of the farm. Taking into consideration the 

 winters and summers of the countries, the qualities of their 

 wheat, and the importance of Indian corn, the average farm 

 ing results, combining the quantity and quality of human 

 sustenance, may be stated in Lower Canada at five, in Upper 

 Canada at eight, and in Illinois at twelve. This! calculation 

 is meant to apply to soil under cultivation, and to embrace the 

 results of nature, capital, and labour. 



I formerly assumed the results of nature in American 

 farming to be represented by the number 3. They will, how 

 ever, necessarily vary with the climate of the different parts 

 of the country and the system of management pursued. 

 From what has been already stated regarding the^agriculture 

 of the Canadas and Illinois, nature s part in the produce 

 arising from cultivation may be stated thus 



Nature in Lower Canada produce will be represented by 2 



in Upper Canada by .... 3 



in Illinois by , . 4 



